Investing in Stocks: The Basics
Investing in stocks means buying an ownership interest in a public company. These small stocks are called company stocks, and when you invest in these stocks, you expect the company to grow and grow over time. When this happens, your shares may become more valuable and other investors may be willing to buy them for you rather than the price you paid for them. This means you can make a profit if you decide to sell them.
Investing in the stock market is a long game. A good rule of thumb is to have a well-diversified portfolio and stay invested even in the ups and downs of the market. One of the best ways for beginners to start investing in the stock market is to deposit funds into an online investment account, which can then be used to invest in stocks or equity funds.
Melabur dalam saham dalam enam langkah
1. Tentukan bagaimana anda ingin melabur dalam pasaran saham
Terdapat beberapa cara untuk melabur dalam saham. Pilih pilihan di bawah yang paling mewakili cara anda ingin melabur dan kegunaan anda dalam memilih saham untuk melabur.
A. "Saya mahu memilih saham dan dana saham sendiri." Baca lebih lanjut; Artikel ini menerangkan perkara yang perlu diketahui oleh pelabur semasa, termasuk cara memilih akaun yang sesuai untuk keperluan mereka dan cara membandingkan pelaburan saham.
B. "Saya mahu pakar membimbing saya melalui proses itu." Anda mungkin calon yang ideal untuk penasihat robo, perkhidmatan yang menyediakan pengurusan pelaburan kos rendah. Hampir semua firma pembrokeran utama dan banyak penasihat bebas menawarkan perkhidmatan ini, yang akan melabur untuk anda berdasarkan matlamat khusus anda.
C. “I want to start investing in my employer’s 401(k).” This is one of the most common ways for beginners to start investing. In many ways, it teaches new investors some best investing practices: make small contributions regularly, focus on the long-term, and take a hands-on approach. Most 401(k)s offer limited stock fund options but no access to individual stocks.
Once you have a preference, you can purchase an account
2. Pilih akaun pelaburan
To invest in stocks, you usually need an investment account. For hands-on types, this usually means a brokerage account. Opening an account with a robo-advisor is a viable option for those who need a little help. We break down these two processes below.
Perkara penting: kedua-dua broker dan penasihat robo membenarkan anda membuka akaun dengan wang yang sangat sedikit.
Varian buat sendiri: membuka akaun sekuriti
Akaun pembrokeran dalam talian boleh menjadi cara terpantas dan paling berpatutan untuk membeli saham, dana dan pelbagai pelaburan lain. Anda boleh membuka akaun persaraan individu, juga dikenali sebagai IRA, dengan broker, atau akaun broker bercukai jika anda sudah mempunyai simpanan persaraan yang mencukupi dalam majikan 401(k) atau pelan lain.
If you need to dig deeper, we have a guide to opening a brokerage account. You should evaluate brokers based on factors such as cost (trading commissions, account fees), investment options (if you prefer funds, look for quality commission-free ETFs), and investor research and tools.
Varian pasif: membuka akaun robo-advisor
Penasihat Robo menawarkan faedah pelaburan saham, tetapi tidak memerlukan pemiliknya melakukan tugas yang diperlukan untuk memilih pelaburan individu. Perkhidmatan penasihat Robo menyediakan pengurusan pelaburan yang komprehensif: Syarikat-syarikat ini bertanya kepada anda tentang matlamat pelaburan anda semasa proses orientasi, kemudian membina portfolio yang direka untuk mencapai matlamat tersebut.
Ini mungkin kedengaran mahal, tetapi yuran pengurusan di sini biasanya adalah sebahagian kecil daripada apa yang dicaj oleh pengurus pelaburan manusia: kebanyakan penasihat robo mengenakan kira-kira 0.25% daripada baki akaun anda. Ya – anda juga boleh mendapatkan IRA daripada penasihat robo jika anda mahu.
Note that while robo-advisors are relatively inexpensive, read the fine print and choose your provider carefully. Some providers require a certain percentage of accounts to be held in cash. Suppliers typically pay very low interest rates on cash positions, which can significantly impact performance and lead to suboptimal allocations to investors. These required cash distribution positions sometimes exceed 10%.
If you decide to open an account with a robo-adviser, you probably don’t need to read this article anymore – the rest is for DIYers.
3. Fahami perbezaan antara melabur dalam saham dan dana
Do you go the DIY route? Don’t worry. Investing in stocks doesn’t have to be complicated. For most people, investing in the stock market means choosing between the following two types of investments:
Equity funds or exchange-traded funds. Mutual funds allow you to buy small fractions of many different stocks in one transaction. Index funds and ETFs are a type of mutual fund that tracks an index; for example, an S&P 500 index fund tracks the index by buying shares of the companies it contains. When you invest in a fund, you also own a small stake in each of these companies. You can combine multiple funds to create a diversified portfolio. Note that equity funds are also sometimes called equity funds.
individual stocks. If you’re looking for a specific company, you can buy a stock or several stocks to dive into the waters of stock trading. Building a diversified portfolio of many individual stocks is possible, but requires a lot of investment and research. As you go down this path, keep in mind that individual stocks go up and down. When you research a company and decide to invest in it, when you start to get nervous on a bad day, think about why you chose the company in the first place.
Kelebihan dana ekuiti ialah ia sememangnya terpelbagai, yang mengurangkan risiko anda. Bagi sebahagian besar pelabur - terutamanya mereka yang melabur simpanan persaraan mereka - portfolio yang terdiri terutamanya daripada dana bersama adalah pilihan yang jelas.
Walau bagaimanapun, dana bersama tidak mungkin terdengar seperti beberapa saham individu. Faedah saham tunggal ialah pilihan bijak boleh membawa kepada pulangan yang hebat, tetapi peluang mana-mana saham tunggal menjadikan anda kaya adalah sangat tipis.
4. Tetapkan bajet untuk pelaburan pasaran saham anda
Pelabur baharu biasanya mempunyai dua soalan pada langkah ini dalam proses:
How much money do I need to invest in stocks? The amount required to buy one share of stock depends on the price of the stock. (Shares can range from a few dollars to a few thousand dollars.) If you want a mutual fund and are on a tight budget, an exchange-traded fund (ETF) may be your best bet. Mutual funds typically have a minimum amount of $1,000 or more, but ETFs trade like stocks, which means you buy them at the stock price—under $100 in some cases).
How much should I invest in stocks? If you invest through a fund, did we mention that this is the preference of most financial advisors? — You can allocate a substantial portion of your portfolio to equity funds, especially if you have a long investment horizon. A 30-year-old retirement investor might have 80% of his portfolio invested in mutual funds; the rest will go into pension funds. Individual stocks are another matter. A general rule of thumb is to limit these to a small portion of your portfolio.
5. Fokus pada pelaburan jangka panjang
Pelaburan pasaran saham telah terbukti sebagai salah satu cara terbaik untuk membina kekayaan dalam jangka panjang. Selama beberapa dekad, pasaran saham telah mengembalikan purata kira-kira 10% setahun. Tetapi perlu diingat bahawa ini hanyalah purata untuk pasaran secara keseluruhan – beberapa tahun akan meningkat, beberapa tahun akan jatuh, dan pulangan saham individu akan berbeza-beza.
The stock market is a great investment for long-term investors, day in and year out; it’s the long-term average they’re looking for.
Investing in stocks is full of complicated strategies and methods, but all that some of the most successful investors do is stick to stock market fundamentals. That usually means spending the majority of your investment portfolio — Warren Buffett famously said that a low-cost S&P 500 index fund is the best investment most Americans can make — And only if you believe in the long-term potential growth of the company.
After you start investing in stocks or mutual funds, the best thing you can do is perhaps the hardest: don’t look at them. Unless you’re trying to overcome the odds and succeed in day trading, it’s best to avoid the habit of compulsively checking your stock performance multiple times a day.
6. Urus portfolio saham anda
While daily volatility doesn’t do much for your portfolio or your own health, of course there are times when you need to review your stocks or other investments.
Apabila anda mengikuti langkah di atas untuk membeli dana bersama dan saham individu, anda harus menyemak portfolio anda setiap beberapa tahun untuk memastikan ia masih sesuai dengan matlamat pelaburan anda.
A few things to keep in mind: As you approach retirement, you may want to convert some of your stock investments into more conservative fixed-income investments. If your portfolio is overweight in one industry or industry, consider buying stocks or funds in another industry for more diversification. Finally, pay attention to geographic diversity. Vanguard recommends international stocks make up 40% of the stocks in your portfolio. You can buy international equity funds to gain this exposure.
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